新疆阿勒泰地区罗布麻锈病发生动态及影响因子

由罗布麻栅锈菌(Melampsora apocyni)引致的锈病是影响罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)产业化的主要因素之一。本研究于2016年调查了新疆阿勒泰地区盐湖、红沟两个野生罗布麻和6龄、7龄栽培罗布麻锈病的发生动态,分析了野生和栽培罗布麻锈病发生与气象因子和生境等的相关性。结果表明,锈病均随罗布麻生长期的延伸而加重,其中盐湖、红沟罗布麻锈病分别在7月18日、8月3日达到发病高峰,发病率分别为86.47%和87.60%,随后发病率逐渐下降,生长末期下降至75.97%和53.78%;6龄、7龄栽培区锈病发病率分别在8月7日、7月23日达到发病高峰,发病率分别为25.52%和31.49%。野生罗布麻锈病病情指数和病害曲线下面积(AUDPC)分别为31.39~46.18和651.74~1 522.31,较栽培罗布麻相应指标高6.51~6.95倍及4.37~9.69倍。野生区罗布麻锈病的发生与降水量和植被总盖度显著正相关(P0.05),与物种多样性指数显著负相关(P0.05);栽培区罗布麻锈病的发生与罗布麻盖度显著正相关(P0.05),与物种多样性显著负相关(P0.05)。     

A note on cloning and analysis of the osteopontin gene with egg quality traits in two Chinese domestic ducks

ABSTRACT

1. Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated acidic glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in eggshell formation. In this study, an 893-bp cDNA sequence of the OPN gene, which encodes 180 amino acids, was obtained.

2. Polymorphisms of the OPN gene were analysed with DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism methods in two Chinese domestic laying ducks (Jingding n = 100, Youxian n = 478, respectively).

3. One polymorphism was identified in exon 7 (NM_ 004676534.1:c.267T>C) of the OPN gene, with three genotypes: TT (both T allels weren’t mutated (wild type)), TC (one T allel was mutated to C (heterozygote genotype)) and CC. (both T allels were mutated to C (homozygote 20 genotype)) Association analysis with egg quality traits in the two Chinese domestic laying ducks showed that the ducks with the CC genotype had significantly greater eggshell strength and eggshell thickness (p < 0.05). Hence, the exon 7 267T>C polymorphism of the OPN gene is a potentially valuable genetic marker for laying duck breeding programmes.     

《内蒙古农业科技》2006-2010年文献计量学分析

文章对2006-2010年《内蒙古农业科技》进行了载文量与相关数据的对比分析、栏目载文量分析、期刊应用分析、高引文献分析、高引文献作者分布分析,并对学报的发展提出了建议。     

饲用苎麻机械化收获发展现状·问题·对策建议

近年来,饲用苎麻产业快速发展,收获难的问题成为制约其发展的瓶颈。在分析当前饲用苎麻机械化收获发展现状的基础上,指出了当前存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

山核桃破壳机加载锤头设计与试验

针对现有的山核桃破壳机多采用点、线等单一的加载接触形式进行破壳,使得工作过程中山核桃受力大小分布不均,从而导致低破壳率、高果仁损伤率的现象,设计了多种不同加载接触形式的锤头类型,以山核桃破壳后破壳率、果仁损伤率、露仁率、裂纹分布为评价指标,通过试验探究了不同加载接触形式下的破壳效果。通过有限元分析探究了不同窝眼个数的锤头对破壳过程中裂纹分布和扩展的影响,并以锤头结构参数和加载方向为试验因素进行了正交试验,确定了最佳锤头结构参数组合。试验结果表明,凹槽式锤头结构能够降低加载方向因素对破壳效果影响的显著性;凹槽中附加的窝眼能够使破壳后的果壳产生大量局部裂纹点,并沿窝眼棱线扩展产生裂纹,具有裂纹引导作用;窝眼个数增加,山核桃破壳后的裂纹数增加且裂纹分布均匀、范围广,有效提高了山核桃的破壳质量;当凹槽直径为28 mm,窝眼个数为7时,破壳效果最理想,破壳率、一露仁率、二露仁率、果仁损伤率的均值分别为98.88%、37.05%、57.24%、5.71%。     

Mining Elite Alleles of Growth Duration and Productive Panicle Number per Plant by Association Mapping with Conditional Phenotypic Value in Japonica Rice

To provide genetic information and materials for breeding hybrid japonica rice with wide adaptability and strong competitive advantage of yield,elite alleles and their carrier varieties of growth duration (GD) and productive panicle number per plant (PN) were detected.A natural population composed of 94 japonica varieties was phenotyped for the GD,PN and plant height (PH) in two environments.The conditional phenotypic data were transferred by the linear model method in software QGAStation 1.0,and association mapping based on the unconditional and conditional phenotype values of GD and PN was analyzed by using general linear model in software TASSEL.A total of 34 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci associated with GD and PN were detected in the two environments.Among them,15 were associated with GD,and 19 were associated with PN.Four elite alleles of RM8095-120bp,RM7102-176bp,RM72-170bp and RM72-178bp were associated with GD,and their carrier varieties were Hongmangshajing,Nipponbare,Hongmangshajing and Nannongjing 62401,respectively.These elite alleles from the carrier varieties can shorten GD by 2.03 9.93 d when they were introduced into improved materials.RM72-182bp associated with PN was an elite allele,and its carrier variety was Xiaoqingzhong.It can increase PN by three when introduced into improved materials.Moreover,these elite alleles can be used to improve target traits without influencing another two traits.     

Stk2, a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase from Setosphaeria turcica,Specifically Complements the Functions of the Fus3 and Kss1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Filamentation,Invasive Growth,and Mating Behavior

Setosphaeria turcica, an essential phytopathogenic fungus, is the primary cause of serious yield losses in corn; however, its pathogenic mechanism is poorly understood. We cloned STK2, a newly discovered mitogen-activated protein kinase gene with a deduced amino acid sequence that is 96% identical to MAK2 from Phaeosphaeria nodorum, 56% identical to KSS1 and 57% identical to FUS3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To deduce Stk2 function in S. turcica and to identify the genetic relationship between STK2 and KSS1/FUS3 from S. cerevisiae, a restructured vector containing the open reading frame of STK2 was transformed into a fus3/kss1 double deletion mutant of S. cerevisiae. The results show that the STK2 complementary strain clearly formed pseudohyphae and ascospores, and the strain grew on the surface of the medium after rinsing with sterile water and the characteristics of the complementary strain was the same as the wild-type strain. Moreover, STK2 complemented the function of KSS1 in filamentation and invasive growth, as well as the mating behavior of FUS3 in S. cerevisiae, however, its exact functions in S. turcica will be studied in the future research.     

秋水仙素处理后‘无核丰’枣的减数分裂行为及2n花粉的形成

运用压片法对秋水仙素滴注处理后的‘无核丰’枣小孢子母细胞减数分裂行为及其与花蕾外部形态变化的相关性进行了研究,并测定了2n花粉的比例。结果表明:秋水仙素处理后枣小孢子母细胞第一次减数分裂正常;在减数分裂前期Ⅱ观察到胞质分裂异常现象;中期Ⅱ纺锤体主要有4种类型:平行型、垂直型、八字型和融合型,分别占27.31%、19.35%、45.27%和8.06%;四分体时期观察到二分体、三分体、四分体,分别占6.00%、43.04%、50.96%;定位异常纺锤体八字型与融合型分别与三分体、二分体呈正相关;秋水仙素处理后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉的形成受胞质分裂异常、纺锤体定位异常两种机制控制,因纺锤体定位异常而产生的2n花粉占2n花粉总数的96.97%,遗传上等同于FDR(第1次分裂重组)型配子,因胞质分裂异常产生的2n花粉在遗传上等同于SDR(第2次分裂重组)型配子;秋水仙素处理后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉绝大多数为FDR型,因而在枣有性多倍化中具有重要的利用价值。小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程与花蕾外部形态变化具有对应关系,花蕾直径达到1.34 mm时,小孢子母细胞开始进入减数分裂;达到1.68 mm时,小孢子母细胞进入四分体时期;超过1.92 mm时,减数分裂结束,且有大量花粉粒形成。2n花粉诱导最佳的秋水仙素滴注时期为细线期末期,即花蕾直径在1.34~1.42 mm时,诱导后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉发生比例为17.36%。     

拟南芥蛋白激酶SnRK1.1对转录因子FD的磷酸化分析

为了获得纯化的SnRK1.1与FD蛋白,分析蛋白激酶SnRK1.1是否能够磷酸化开花调控途径中的转录因子FD,成功克隆了1 608 bp的SnRK1.1基因以及858 bp的FD与FD-T282A基因,分别与PGEX-4T-3载体连接,获得原核表达载体GST-SnRK1.1、GST-FD和GST-FD-T282A,并分别转化大肠杆菌BL21菌株;SDS-PAGE电泳和考马斯亮蓝染色(CBB)表明,0.5 mmol/L IPTG能够成功诱导出GST-SnRK1.1、GST-FD和GST-FD-T282A蛋白。利用GST纯化介质纯化获得了84 k Da的GST-SnRK1.1蛋白以及58 k Da的GST-FD与GST-FD-T282A融合蛋白;利用体外磷酸化体系证实SnRK1.1能够磷酸化FD,不能磷酸化突变的FD-T282A。研究结果为进一步解析SnRK1.1通过磷酸化转录因子FD参与开花途径调控的机制奠定了良好的基础。